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  • 48 338: European Cities in the XIX Century: Planning, Architecture, Preservation

    9.00 Credits
    Carnegie Mellon University

    The history of the main cities of Europe during the XIX century is a history of change and transformation. The physical environment and the political, financial and administrative structures adapt to the needs of new masses of population and to the challenges of metropolitan life. In some cases, cities even acquire new representative functions, as they become a national capital. This course traditionally offers an overview of the urban culture of XIX century Europe, reconstructing aspects of the broader historical context and then focusing on reading the effects of the XIX century transformations on the physical appearance, structures and image of present-day European cities, such as Paris, London, Berlin, Barcelona, Vienna and Rome. This semester we will add to this analysis, acquired by learning and applying a set of essential questions about XIX century urban transformations, a second look at the image of the city - the issue of how the city is represented and described in the various moments of its Nineteenth century transformation (from historical maps, to paintings, from postcards to literary descriptions). We will try to consider its changing visual representation and the different perception of its character and peculiarities over time, finally discussing how the Nineteenth century image of each city still affects how it is viewed today. We will rely, along with the usual reading materials (articles, book excerpts) also on visual documentation, such as photography and film. The course is based on lectures and discussions and requires personal elaboration, as well as a fair amount of reading and writing.
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  • 48 340: Modern Architecture and Theory 1900-1945

    9.00 Credits
    Carnegie Mellon University

    This architectural history lecture course surveys the modern buildings and literature of the first half of the twentieth century, focusing primarily on Europe but extending also to non-western countries. We begin with a look at the "crisis of modernity" that plagued most of western civilization in the late 19th-century, and then focus on the major movements of both the avant-garde and other responses to modernity from 1900-1945. The course includes lectures, readings, and discussions about a broad range of issues, including 1) Formal tendencies; 2) Theoretical issues; 3) National traditions; 4) Biographical sketches; 5) Significant technologies and materials; 6) Political motivations; 7) Social cultural influences. Emphasis will be placed on the relationship of buildings to the more general cultural, intellectual, and historical circumstances in which they were created, especially the important manifestoes, theoretical and critical writings that so determined the project of modern architecture. Work for the course involves extensive reading and a major research paper.
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  • 48 341: History of Architectural Theory

    9.00 Credits
    Carnegie Mellon University

    Architecture is not only building, technology, drawings, etc., but also discourse, meaning, communication, and concept: or theory. This architectural history seminar will study in roughly chronological order some of the major theories and theoreticians of architecture, from Vitruvius, through the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the 19th-century, up to the modern era. Throughout the seminar we will chart the changing definitions of what constitutes "theory" in architecture, and how it relates to other writings such as criticism and history. We?ll study in-depth how (if at all) the individual theory relates to the intellectual context and built works before and after. Students will discover how ideas reoccur , and even the oldest theories have contemporary relevance. The seminar will culminate with presentations by students on post-war (1945-75) theories of architecture. Work for the seminar will involve extensive readings, active class discussions, and a ?report? on post-war theory.
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  • 48 348: Architectural History of Mexico & Guatemala

    9.00 Credits
    Carnegie Mellon University

    This course surveys the architecture and urbanism of Mexico and Guatemala during three critical periods of their architectural development: (1) the Pre-Columbian development of Mesoamerica, primarily Maya and Aztec (2) the Spanish colonial architecture and urbanism of the 16th-18th centuries, and (3) the 20th-century search for an appropriate regional modernism. When the Spanish conquistador Hern?n Cort's landed in 1519 in what is now Mexico, he encountered one of the world's largest and most spectacular civilizations. The Aztec empire, however, was only the latest urban civilizations in a Mesoamerican tradition that stretched back more than 2,000 years. The ensuing European architectural and urban imprints can be seen as both a victory of colonialism's political, social, and architectural ideals, and as a fusion combining European practices with indigenous conditions and traditions. Centuries later, as 20th-century Latin Americans grappled with the challenges of industrialization, economic swings, and political and social revolutions, architects, planners, and clients again sought to reconcile competing visions of national and modern identities.
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  • 48 350: Postwar Modern Architecture and Theory

    9.00 Credits
    Carnegie Mellon University

    This architectural history lecture course surveys the modern buildings and architectural theory of the post-World War II period. It begins with the cataclysm of WWII and the fundamental shifts it caused on the conception of modernism, technology, cities, and geo-politics. It proceeds to investigate themes such as rebuilding and reconstruction, grand modern masters such as Mies, Kahn, and Le Corbusier, the fascination with technology, megastructures and utopian thought, the need for monumentality, meaning, and regional identity, and the dissemination of modernism from corporate America to the third world. It ends with the rupture in modernism associated with the social revolutions and the rise of a post-modern architecture in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The course includes lectures, readings, and discussions to define the unique character of the postwar period, as modernism both reigned supreme, and began to be questioned. Emphasis will be placed on the relationship of buildings to the more general cultural, intellectual, and historical circumstances in which they were created. Special attention will be devoted throughout the course to the important manifestoes, theoretical and critical writings that so determined the project of modern architecture. Work for the course involves extensive reading, preparing for class discussions, and a major research paper.
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  • 48 351: Human Factors in Architecture

    9.00 Credits
    Carnegie Mellon University

    Required course Human Factors is an investigation of what makes buildings tick for people: the internal spaces, transitional spaces, transactional spaces, defensible space, owned space, shared space, public space, and most importantly, occupied space. We move up in scale from the individual and group to the community to consider our designers? biases in how we analyze the human needs, how we judge the quality of space and subsequently, how we apply this knowledge to our own design work. Students develop a research question and test it in field research using observation, interviews and surveys. They draw conclusions about the quality of a space and place and how to improve it. Students should leave this class with the ability to discern a problem, experience in applying their understanding of behavioral settings and the human condition to specific research foci, and the ability to use their knowledge and skills deftly in practice, where time and resources are limited. Assignments will be a mix of individual and group work, with emphasis on the latter. There will be an emphasis on reading relevant literature, field investigations and understanding research methods and collaboration for applications in practice.
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  • 48 355: Perspective

    9.00 Credits
    Carnegie Mellon University

    Course addresses perspective on the basis of three distinct understandings of perceptual psychology: 1) A Kinesthetic Basis for Perspective, which is built on the drawing pedagogy of Kimon Nicholaides. It aligns with the transactionalist understanding of perception and considers perspective as partly invented and partly discovered truth. 2)The Order of Appearance, which is built on the early work of the perceptual psychologist, J.J. Gibson, and aligns with the ecological position of Gibson and his followers It considers perspective as an absolute truth of the visual field. 3)Perspective Imposed, which aligns implicitly with the position of Gestalt psychology. It treats perspective as an imposed schema. Along the way some use is made of on-going design work for subject material. Work is submitted in 3 portfolio submissions of 3-4 weeks duration each.
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  • 48 356: Color Drawing

    9.00 Credits
    Carnegie Mellon University

    The course will use three media, pastels, colored pencils and water color to address the representation of architectural space. Early work will focus on interiors; later work will extend into landscapes. Topics covered in each will be, value, color temperature and use of complementary palettes. Work will be submitted in three portfolios of 3-4 weeks duration. Work will consist of in-class exercises and out of class assignments using subjects of the students' choice. Including in-class work, students should anticipate 9 hours of work per week. Students should anticipate material costs for taking the course of ca. $150.
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  • 48 371: American House and Housing

    9.00 Credits
    Carnegie Mellon University

    The picture of the "American Dream" has typically included a single-family detached dwelling set within its own suburban yard. However powerful and durable that image is, the history of house and home in America is far more complex. This course examines the development of suburban house and urban housing choices circa 1850-1975. Over the course of the semester we will explore housing styles and types, including private single-family dwellings, public multi-unit housing, rowhouses and apartments. We will also examine the wider physical and cultural settings of American housing choices, including the symbiotic relationship between city and suburb. We will look at domestic architecture as both a designed object and as a cultural landscape shaped by class, gender, race, economics, politics, and fashion. Through the use of occasional field trips, we will use Pittsburgh as a touchstone for understanding broader national trends in the design of American housing.
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  • 48 400: Architecture Design Studio: Occupancy

    18.00 Credits
    Carnegie Mellon University

    The Occupancy Studio raises a designer's involvement with human needs, functional and space programming, building planning and schematic design with its focus on the relationship of the building user (owner/client, occupant or visitor) to the built environment. At the crux is how an architect develops a methodology to understand the individual or aggregated occupant and assemble decoded, distilled and articulated criteria for the design of space. Studios may emphasize intellectual or theoretical approaches to user-based design, in-depth study of client needs resulting in a detailed program, or participatory design with a real or surrogate client such as a community group. Each semester offers a range of such ideas. Studio faculty varies building typology, conceptual approach, programming studies or development and historical precedent. Studios share information and project knowledge with each other. This healthy mix enlivens design process and class participation. An important aspect of the Occupancy studio and the following Systems Integration studio is understanding the application of codes and zoning requirements, which students research themselves after attending lectures on the basics of life safety, egress and the intrinsic order of code applications. Students are encouraged to work both in teams and as individuals.
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