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Course Criteria
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8.00 Credits
The Nervous System is a six-week, integrated, multidisciplinary course on the normal and abnormal structure and function of the human nervous system. The course is divided into two broad areas; peripheral/sensory followed by central neurological mechanisms. A majority of the system is delivered in a lecture format. The system ends with hands-on review of the neurological exam and the ophthalmologic exam. The goal of the course is to provide the student with a solid foundation of knowledge and skills concerning the nervous system as a background to other organ systems courses to follow, and as background for the clinical clerkships.
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2.00 Credits
The Psychiatry System is a two-week, interdisciplinary course that introduces second-year medical students to disorders of higher central nervous system function that affect motivation, mood, consciousness and cognition. Mental disorders as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, somatization, personality disorders, sleep disorders and others are covered in the course.
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4.00 Credits
The Musculoskeletal System is a four-week, integrated, multidisciplinary course on the normal and abnormal function of the human musculoskeletal system. The system presents normal and abnormal function, as well as diagnosis and therapy. Within the system, normal function precedes clinical disciplines. Specifically, the disciplines included in the Musculoskeletal System are: the biochemistry of muscle, connective tissue and bone, and pharmacological treatments for gout, inflammation and arthritides. The manifestations and diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders are covered in pathology and internal medicine. Topics in orthopedics and otorhinolaryngology are covered. Case presentations using actual patients are used throughout the system in rheumatology. Diagnosis and therapy of sports injuries are covered in family medicine. Finally, there is a discussion of the biological basis of Osteopathic manipulative medicine. The goal of the Musculoskeletal System is to provide the students with a solid foundation of knowledge as a background to other organ system courses to follow, as well as a background for the clinical clerkships in general practice, medicine, surgery and relevant electives.
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3.00 Credits
Students taking the second-year Respiratory System are assumed to have retained from their first-year courses, a working knowledge of the following: normal processes such as embryonic development of the lung and perinatal changes in the pulmonary circulation; normal pulmonary gross and microscopic structure; and normal function of the thorax, airways, and lung parenchyma (e.g., mechanics and regulation of breathing, ventilation, perfusion, and gas exchange). This knowledge will form the basis for study of abnormal processes, including the following: infectious, inflammatory and immunologic disorders (e.g., bronchiectasis, ARDS, asthma); traumatic and mechanical disorders (e.g., aspiration, pneumothorax); neoplastic disorders (e.g., bronchogenic carcinoma, metastatic tumors); metabolic, regulatory and structural disorders (e.g., hypoventilation, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome); vascular and circulatory disorders (e.g., thromboembolic disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema); and systemic diseases affecting the respiratory system. Also covered will be the principles of therapeutics, including the mechanisms of action, use, and adverse effects of drugs used for treatment of respiratory disorders (e.g., decongestants, bronchodilator drugs, and antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal agents) and other therapeutic modalities or preventive measures (e.g., oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, various forms of surgery, Osteopathic manipulative procedures, smoking cessation strategies).
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2.00 Credits
In this course, students should learn the normal states of the skin, diseases affecting the skin and dermal manifestations of internal disease states. By the end of the course, students should be able to diagnose diseases frequently encountered in general practice, recommend appropriate therapy, or determine when referral to a specialist is appropriate.
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3.00 Credits
The Hematology System is designed to teach students the principles of normal and abnormal differentiation and maturation of red blood cells, white blood cells (including lymphocytes) and platelets. The students will learn how these principles apply to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases which can result when abnormalities occur during this process (including infection with HIV). The system will also introduce students to phlebotomy techniques, including safety issues and proper needle disposal.
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5.00 Credits
Students taking the second-year Cardiovascular System are assumed to have retained from their first-year courses, a working knowledge of the following: normal processes such as embryonic development of the heart and vessels; normal gross and microscopic cardiovascular system anatomy; and normal function of the heart and blood vessels. This knowledge will form the basis for study of abnormal processes, including the following: infectious, inflammatory and immunologic disorders; traumatic and mechanical disorders; neoplastic disorders; metabolic and regulatory disorders; vascular disorders; systemic diseases affecting the cardiovascular system; and congenital disorders of the heart and vessels. Also covered will be the principles of therapeutics, including the mechanisms of action, use, and adverse effects of drugs used for treatment of cardiovascular disorders and other therapeutic modalities or preventive measures such as behavioral modification, lifestyle alteration, risk factors recognition, and Osteopathic manipulative treatment.
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3.00 Credits
This System is designed to provide the students with a strong background in the principles of renal physiology, as well as a basic understanding of the etiology and diagnosis of the most common renal disorders. Radiologic techniques and pathology of the renal system are also considered. Students taking this second-year course are assumed to have retained from their first-year courses a working knowledge of renal structure and function.
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2.00 Credits
The Endocrine System will consider the five major endocrine glands plus carbohydrate and ionic homeostasis. The endocrines of the reproductive system will not be considered in this unit of study. Outline: Using an outline of objectives, these subjects will be approached from the position of excess (hyper) function, deficient (hypo) function and anatomical abnormalities (neoplasms). Each clinical situation will be examined using a series of five questions: (1) What is the clinical presentation? (2) What diagnostic tests can confirm your hypothesis? (3) How is this differentiated from closely related diseases? (4) What is the etiology, pathophysiology and prognosis if left untreated of this disease? (5) How is this disease treated? (6) How is this disease monitored and managed over time? Students, working either individually or in groups, are advised to develop responses for each of the objectives. The examinations will come from the objectives.
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3.00 Credits
The Gastrointestinal System begins with a review of the basic structure and function of human alimentary canal and accessory organs of digestion. This provides a basis for a discussion of the pathological, pathophysiological and clinical consequences of various gastrointestinal disorders including: disorders of motility, peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, malabsorption, diseases of the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver, inflammatory diseases of the bowel, neoplastic disease and infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, methods of nutritional support and gastrointestinal diseases encountered in pediatrics will be discussed.
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