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Course Criteria
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3.00 Credits
Explains the main features of the general circulation of the Earth's atmosphere. Final part of the course explores possible changes in the general circulation associated with climate change.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 12.810, Coreq: 12.803, or permission of instructor
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2.00 Credits
Introduction to the physics of atmospheric radiation and remote sensing, including use of computer codes. Radiative transfer equation including emission and scattering, spectroscopy, Mie theory, and numerical solutions. Solution of inverse problems in remote sensing of atmospheric temperature and composition.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 5.61, 18.075, or permission of instructor
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2.00 Credits
Lecture content is the same as 12.815, but it is augmented by the development of an independent student project with associated term paper.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 5.61, 18.075 or permission of the instructor
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3.00 Credits
Provides a general introduction to meteorological data and analysis techniques, and their use in the MIT Synoptic Laboratory to study the phenomenology and dynamics of large-scale atmospheric flow. Balance concepts as applied to the dynamics of frontal and synoptic scales are illustrated using real-time upper air and surface station data and gridded analyzed fields. Advanced meteorological software packages are used to access, manipulate, and graphically display the data.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: None. Coreq: 12.800
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3.00 Credits
Covers phenomena, theory and modeling of turbulence in the Earth's oceans and atmosphere. The scope will range from centimeter- to planetary-scale motions. Includes homogeneous isotropic three- and two-dimensional turbulence, convection, stratified turbulence, quasi-gesotrophic turbulence, baroclinic turbulence, and macroturbulence in the ocean and atmosphere.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 12.803
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3.00 Credits
Principles and examples of the construction of physical/ biological models for oceanic systems. Individual-based and continuum representations. Food webs and structured population models. Fluid transport, stirring, and mixing. Effects of rotation and stratification. Advection, diffusion, reaction dynamics. Oceanic examples of physical-biological dynamics: surface mixed layer, upwelling regimes, mesoscale eddies, and oceanic gyres.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 18.075 or 18.085
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3.00 Credits
Basic theory of hydrodynamic instability with special application to flows of interest in oceanography and meteorology. Topics covered include general formulation of stability theory; concept of normal modes and linearization; fundamental stability theorems; baroclinic instability: Charney model, Eady model and the Phillips two-layer model; energy transformations; initial value theory and non-modal instability; barotropic instability for jets and shear layers; radiating instabilities; initial value problems applied to the concepts of convective, absolute and spatial instabilities; finite amplitude theory; stability of non-parallel flows.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 12.802 or permission of instructor
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3.00 Credits
A detailed presentation of selected advanced topics in waves and instability in the atmosphere. The precise selection varies from year to year. Topics have included wave-mean flow interaction, the quasi-biennial oscillation, sudden warmings, critical-level behavior, wave overreflection, nonlinear equilibration, wave breaking, tropical waves, and stationary waves.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 12.803; 12.802 or 12.810
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3.00 Credits
Observed characteristics of the stratosphere: meteorology and distribution of chemical tracers. Climatological heat budget. Wave transport theory. Rossby wave propagation in winter. Rossby and gravity wave breaking. Impact on the mean circulation. Dynamics of the disturbed polar vortex. Equatorial waves in the stratosphere. Theory of the quasi-biennial oscillation. Transport of trace constituents. Modeling of the stratosphere; its meteorology; and chemical composition.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 12.803 or permission of instructor
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2.00 Credits
Introduces the atmospheric chemistry involved in climate change, air pollution, and ozone depletion using a combination of interactive laboratory and field studies and simple computer models. Uses instruments for trace gas and aerosol measurements and methods for inferring fundamental information from these measurements. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: Permission of instructor
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