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Course Criteria
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3.00 Credits
Sediments in the rock cycle. Production of sediments at the Earth's surface. Physics and chemistry of sedimentary materials. Scale and geometry of near-surface sedimentary bodies, including aquifers. Sediment transport and deposition in modern sedimentary environments. Burial and lithification. Survey of major sedimentary rock types. Stratigraphic relationships of sedimentary basins. Evolution of sedimentary processes through geologic time. Two or three weekend days of field trips.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 12.001
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3.00 Credits
Introduces mechanics of rock deformation. Discusses recognition, interpretation, and mechanics of faults, folds, structural features of igneous and metamorphic rocks, and superposed deformations. Introduces regional structural geology and tectonics. Laboratory includes techniques of structural analysis, recognition and interpretation of structures on geologic maps, and construction of interpretive cross sections.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 12.001, 12.005
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2.00 Credits
Introduces techniques of geological field study. Weather permitting, several weekend field exercises provide practical experience in preparation for 12.115. Presents introductory material on the regional geology of the locale of 12.115.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 12.108 or permission of instructor; or Coreq: 12.113
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0.00 Credits
During January, students practice methods of modern geological field study during an intensive four-week subject. Exercises include geological and geomorphological mapping on topographic and photographic base maps of a wide variety of bedrock and surficial rocks. Where feasible, geochemical and geophysical field measurements are corrrelated with geology. Following term includes preparation of reports based on field studies conducted during January; report generally exceeds 30 pages in length and includes one major revision and rewrite. Instruction in writing techniques provided. Laboratory analysis of samples, interpretation of geological data, and where possible, geophysical and geochemical data. 12 units may be applied to the General Institute Laboratory Requirement.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 12.113, 12.114
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2.00 Credits
Focuses on analytical facilities that are used to determine elemental and isotopic abundances in soils, rocks, minerals, and fluids. Emphasis is on isotopic ratios Sr, Nd, and Pb, whose isotopic ratios can be used for geochronology, and abundances of trace elements such as Rb, Sr, Cu, Cd, Hg, rare-earths, Pb, Th, and U. Analytical techniques include mass spectrometry, emission spectrometry, atomic absorption, neutron activation, and electron microprobe. A major lab project utilizes these techniques to address specific environmental and geologic problems.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: None
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1.00 Credits
Field study to foster understanding of natural hazards and human influence on the environment. Class conducted in the western United States, at locations such as Death Valley and the White Mountain Research Station in Bishop California. Topics include water use and availability, climate change, earthquakes and faulting, and landslides. Also examines volcanic hazards and geothermal power, effects of river diversion, and the geology of the Yucca Mountain facility for the storage of radioactive waste. Students partially responsible for travel expenses. Designed to follow 12.001 or 12.102; other students will be accepted when space is available.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: Permission of instructor
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1.00 Credits
Introduction to the theory of x-ray microanalysis through the electron microprobe including ZAF matrix corrections. Techniques to be discussed are wavelength and energy dispersive spectrometry, scanning backscattered electron, secondary electron, cathodoluminescence, and x-ray imaging. Lab sessions involve use of the electron microprobe.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: None
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2.00 Credits
Covers all aspects of molecular biosignatures, such as their pathways of lipid biosynthesis, the distribution patterns of lipid biosynthetic pathways with regard to phylogeny and physiology, isotopic contents, occurrence in modern organisms and environments, diagenetic pathways, analytical techniques and the occurrence of molecular fossils through the geological record. Students analyze in depth the recent literature on chemical fossils. Lectures provide background on the subject matter. Basic knowledge of organic chemistry required. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: Permission of instructor
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3.00 Credits
Quantitative examination of processes that shape Earth's surface. Introduction to fluvial, hillslope, and glacial mechanics. Essentials of weathering, soil formation, runoff, erosion, slope stability, sediment transport, and river morphology. Landscape evolution in response to climatic and tectonic forcing. Application of terrestrial theory to planetary surfaces. Additional instruction in geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing analysis, field measurement techniques, and numerical modeling of surface processes. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: 12.001, Physics I (GIR), Calculus I (GIR); or permission of instructor
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4.00 Credits
Studies the geology of planetary interiors and surfaces, including plate tectonics, as a unifying theory of terrestrial geology, surface processes, and the Earth?s interior. Covers igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary processes associated with tectonic settings and the typical rock suites created; mineral and rock identification; and causes of compositional differences on many scales (mineral grains, rocks, regions of the Earth, different planets). Also addresses conditions required for melting and melting processes; rock structure and field techniques; and Earth history. Treatment of these topics includes discussions of the geochemical, petrologic, geochronological, experimental, or field techniques used to investigate them; the limitations of current geological techniques and geological controversies; and major geological expeditions, experiments, and studies from the past, along with their premises and results. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.
Prerequisite:
Prereq: Physics II (GIR), Calculus II (GIR); or permission of instructor
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