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Course Criteria
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4.00 Credits
The "old regime" (serfdom, rule by monarchs and nobles and a politically powerful church)and an agrarian way of life had prevailed in much of Europe and the New World since the Middle Ages. From 1776 on, however, a series of upheavals, such as the American and French revolutions, the Napoleonic Wars, the Latin American Wars of Independence and the European revolutions of 1820-21, 1830-31 and 1848-49 had challenged the old order. This course studies the events of this dramatic period, including the Industrial Revolution and the rise of romanticism, socialism, nationalism and liberalism.
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4.00 Credits
The six decades following the revolutions of 1848 were a period of remarkable power, prosperity and creativity in Europe. New nation-states (Germany and Italy) were formed; old multiethnic empires (Russia and Austria-Hungary) seemed rejuvenated; and Europeans acquired immense colonial empires. Meanwhile, industrialization and modern science and art revolutionized European life and thought. However, this fusion of cultural and economic modernity with social and political conservatism concealed grave weaknesses that would lead, beginning in 1914, to the upheavals of world war, communism and fascism.
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4.00 Credits
This course examines the disasters that befell Europe in the three decades after 1914: World War I; the Russian Revolution; the ill-fated Treaty of Versailles; the rise of Mussolini; the Great Depression; the dictatorships of Hitler and Stalin; the spread of fascism in the 1930s; World War II. The course discusses the reasons for the failure of the international order to prevent two horrific military conflicts and for the failure of moderate forces in many European countries - including Russia, Germany, Italy and Spain - to block the rise to power ofviolent and millenarian political forces.
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4.00 Credits
The course examines the roots of National Socialism in Germany before World War I; the reasons for the failure of the Weimar Republic in the 1920s, which ended in Hitler's coming to power; and the nature of Hitler's dictatorship, with its policies of totalitarian rule, world war and genocide.
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4.00 Credits
Latin American history from the origins of pre-Columbian civilizations to independence will be examined by exploring the origins and development of indigenous societies in Mesoamerica and the Andes; the conquest and colonization of (what became) Spanish and Portuguese America; the nature of colonial control; the response of indigenous populations to colonial society, administration and religion; the developing tensions between Spaniards and Creole elites. The movement for independence, which arose from a variety of issues, created by contrasting views and concerns of distant European authority and local cultural identity, will be studied. Finally, the major challenges that faced the newly emergent Latin American nations will be considered.
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4.00 Credits
Courses of selected topics will be offered periodically as determined by the needs of the curriculum. Prerequisite: See individual course listing in the current semester class schedule.
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4.00 Credits
This course will examine the origins and development of Christianity through the modern era. Special areas of interest include the structure and organization of the church, the development of liturgy and doctrine and the counterpoint between orthodoxy and heresy. A central question will be the relationship between the "three pillars" of doctrine - revelationreason and tradition - and social pressures in the history of the church and doctrine.
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4.00 Credits
The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation has been derided by Voltaire as being none of the above. At the same time, the Empire provided the primary political organization of pre-Modern Germany, from the Middle Ages to the Napoleonic Wars. This course will survey the general history of the Empire from the Renaissance to the end of the 18th century. Special emphasis will be paid to questions of social, cultural and constitution history, in particular, the development of German identity and political culture in the Early Modern era. Prerequisite: HIS 211, HIS 212, HIS 213 or permission of the instructor.
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4.00 Credits
This course is a survey of German history in the 19th and 20th centuries, focusing on the unification of Germany in the 19th century, the Bismarckian state, the two world wars, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the division and subsequent reunification of Germany after World War II.
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4.00 Credits
This course studies the thousand years from the formation of the Kievan state until the abolition of serfdom. It covers the Mongol invasion, the rise of Muscovy, the reign of Ivan the Terrible and the Time of Troubles, Imperial Russia's Westernization under Peter the Great and its apogee under Catherine the Great and her grandsons.
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