3.00 Credits
3 hours weekly; 3 credits This course explores western cultural history through the theme of the human drive toward perfection. The second, shadow theme is the threat of violent coercion, suppression of difference, even genocide that such utopian visions unleash in certain historical instances. The concept of utopia is broadly defined to include both religious concepts of 'millennium' and 'apocalypse' asecular concepts of the ideal city and perfectionist community. The course also explores what Johan Huizinga calls the 'history of play' in western culture, those cultural moments whenindividuals escape economic and political hierarchy to enter a temporary 'ludic world.' Drawingfrom Mikhail Bahktin, we define the utopian impulse as a search for Abundance, Equality, Freedom, Community within a human society. Bahktin is just one of several theorists whose ideas are drawn from. Others include Martha Nussbaum, Elaine Pagels, Isaiah Berlin, Karl Popper, Russell Jacoby, and Frederic Jameson. Other closely related themes treated include: evolving definitions of freedom and equality, the nature of humanism and the evolution of autonomy, the definition of evil, the concept of theodicy, the nature of revolution. Special emphasis is given to the role of utopian and communitarian movements in the evolution of the arts, with projects on forms of utopian arts education (Black Mountain), utopian architecture and urban planning (Paulo Solari and Arcosanti), and specific artistic utopias (Ascona), etc. Several points of origin are investigated: the Hellenistic philosophies' ideal of the 'good life;' aneudaimonia; the Judeo-Christian ideal of Eden in Genesis 1-3, as well as the Judeo-Christian concepts of apocalypse and millennium; and the renaissance humanist invention of the ideal city. The course crosses between various disciplines in exploring the evolution of religious, social, and political ideas of perfecting humanity and forming ideal communities. As in Core 3, the class operates by exploration and debate. Students also visit the Boston Museum of Fine Arts to view and respond to a set of paintings by Bosch. Texts include: Martha Nussbaum, The Therapy of Desire; Terence Irwin, Classical Philosophy; Elaine Pagels, Adam, Eve, and the Serpent; St. Augustine, The Confessions; Dante, The Inferno; Thomas More, Utopia; Voltaire, Candide; Peter Weiss, Marat/Sade. The course also includes a course pack of readings and critical articles.