A three-hour course, with comprehensive study of the theory and practice of terrestrial, celestial, and electronic navigation and the laws of vessel operations. Topics include fundamentals of coastal and harbor piloting, nautical astronomy, electronic navigation, and means of navigating without reference to land. International and inland nautical Rules of the Road are studied. Case studies and practical exercises are used to reinforce the fundamentals of marine navigation. Note: Spring only. This course is taken at the University of Pennsylvania.